assignmenteced13 Problems of eced children

Jomalou T.Rencio
Beed 3a
Assignment in ECED 13
Problems of ECED Children
Children Visual Impairments
Students with visual impairments may need additional help with special equipment and modifications in the regular
curriculum to emphasize listening skills, communication, orientation and mobility, vocation/career options, and daily
living skills. Students with low vision or those who are legally blind may need help in using their remaining vision more
efficiently and in working with special aids and materials. Students who have visual impairments combined with other
types of disabilities have a greater need for an interdisciplinary approach and may require greater emphasis on self care
and daily living skills.
Being either over or under sensitive in one or several of these seven areas can affect a child's ability to perform physical tasks.
Here are some examples:
• Touch - A child might be sensitive to the feel of objects against his skin. He might hate activities such as dress up, pretend play with makeup, or arts and craft activities that involve working with playdough or clay. A child who is overly sensitive to touch may overeact when touched even lightly on the shoulder by a teach or a friend. A child who is underly sensitive may have no reaction if he falls or hurts himself.
• Smell - A child might react strongly to unusual or strong smells or not seem to notice even unusual smells such as food burning or gas leaking.
• Taste - Some children are particularly sensitive to the taste of different foods.
• Sight - Strong lights or certain types of colors may bother a child.
• Hearing - A child may be disturbed by sudden or loud noises.
• Position in Space - Some children have difficulty evaluating how much space is needed to reach a certain item. This would include putting a pegboard down on the table without tipping it over, judging if there is room for a child to crawl underneath a jungle gym and sitting down on the center of the chair. A child who seems to eternally "miss the chair" when sitting down may be having difficulty in this area.
• Movement - an overly sensitive child may fear climbing on a jungle gym, and have difficulty with gross motor activities. An underly sensitive child may be fidgety, jump on the couch all afternoon, and have difficulty sitting down to do table activities such as a puzzle.
Uncontrolled Wetting or Soiling> Encopresis (soiling)
Encopresis refers to repetitive failure recognize the need for bowel elimination in a bathroom before soiling or leaking occurs. It is less common than enuresis, but is also more common in males. The factor often cited as casual is that these children seem to have weaker cues regarding the need to eliminate. The cues themselves may actually be less, or the children may simply be less willing to attend to cues. Procedures also exist to push these children toward regular bowel movements (e.g., using schedules and laxatives) which minimize the need to focus on the cues.
Common Preschool Problems
• Constipation: a very common and frustrating problem in children. It is usually defined as the passage of hard and painful stools or going four or more days without a bowel movement. Constiption is most commonly caused by a diet that is low in fiber, but can also be caused by drinking too much milk (more than 16 to 24oz/d), not drinking enough water or waiting too long to go to the bathroom. Initial treatment is increasing the amount of fluids he drinks and increasing the amount of fiber and bran in his diet. It is usually also helpful to decrease the amount of constipating foods in his diet, including cow's milk, yogurt, cheese, cooked carrots, and bananas. Stool softeners may be necessary if these steps don't work.
• Upper Respiratory Infections: these are very common and include symptoms of a clear or green runny nose and cough and are usually caused by cold viruses. The best treatment is to use salt water nasal drops and a bulb suctioner to keep their nose clear. Call your Pediatrician if your child has high fever, difficulty breathing or is not improving in 7-10 days
• Vomiting: usually accompanies diarrhea as part of a viral infection. If your child starts vomiting, it is best to give them a break from eating and drinking for an hour or so and then start to give small amounts of Pedialyte (1 teaspoon) every five or ten minutes. Once your child is able to tolerate drinking these small amounts you can increase the Pedialyte to about a tablespoon every five or ten minutes and then larger amounts as tolerated and then change back to his regular formula. Avoid giving just Pedialyte for more than 12 hours. Call your Pediatrician if the vomit has blood in it, if it is dark green, or if your child is showing signs of dehydration (which includes not urinating in 6-8 hours, having a dry mouth and weight loss).
• Diarrhea: a common problem and is often caused by a viral infection. Call your Pediatrician if the diarrhea has blood or pus in it, if it is not getting better in 1-2 weeks or if you see signs of dehydration (which includes not urinating in 6-8 hours, having a dry mouth and weight loss). You should continue with their regular diet, but may give 1-2 ounces of Pedialyte each time that he has large diarrhea stool to prevent dehydration.
Temper Tantrums
Little kids hate to be misunderstood. Frustration levels run very high, especially when children's internal development is greater than their ability to verbalize. They know what they want to communicate, they just can't manage to do it. Knowing that this is happening (and spending the time to try and understand his communication) can help avoid many stormy moments.

Biting, Hitting, Hair Pulling, and Other Violent Acts

• Honor the emotion, look for the positive intent, and respond to her impulse. (“I see you are angry at Sophie.”)
• Educate and provide a verbal limit. Keep it brief and simple. (“We do not bite people. It hurts. We touch gently.”)
Social and Emotional Aggression

Continual physical aggression, high-school dropout rates, adolescent delinquency, and antisocial behavior have all been associated with early childhood conduct problems. The preschool years are a vulnerable period for learning to control development of aggression. Children who display high levels of physical aggression in elementary school are at the highest risk for taking part in violent behaviors as adolescents.